Clinically reviewed by Paul Doher, BCBA, M.A., LBA, National Director of Clinical Quality
Whether neurotypical or neurodivergent, for both adults and children alike, dentist visits can trigger a range of emotions—including anxiety, fear, and even dread. While some people may look forward to the familiar routine of a cleaning and a chat with their local dentist, for many, the sensory overload and multiple steps of an oral exam can be uncomfortable.
For parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), convincing their child to visit the dentist can be even more challenging. Regular dental care at home may already present difficulties. A study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health found that less than 50% of children with ASD brushed their teeth twice per day, and 61% of parents reported struggles in encouraging their child to brush.
As the prevalence of autism continues to rise, dentists and oral health practitioners must be prepared to treat individuals with ASD in ways that are sensitive to their unique needs and comfort levels. Without access to appropriate oral care, health issues can arise, underscoring the importance of finding strategies to make dentist visits more manageable.
How Does Autism Impact Oral Health?
Why is oral care, particularly dentist visits, so challenging for individuals with autism? The primary reason is heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli, which varies greatly from person to person. For example, a child who is sensitive to certain tastes or smells (like mint toothpaste) or uncomfortable with sensations (like bristles or foam) may resist regular brushing. Dentist visits can introduce unfamiliar sights, sounds, smells, and sensations, further compounding the anxiety. For many children with autism, routines provide comfort, so these new and unpredictable experiences can feel overwhelming.
Additionally, some children with autism exhibit ritualistic behaviors or physical movements like flapping, or may struggle with sitting still. These behaviors can make it difficult to perform the tasks necessary for a successful dentist visit.
Encouraging Dental Health at Home
Before a dentist visit, families can help by embedding healthy dental habits into everyday routines. Dentists recommend supervising tooth brushing until ages 7 to 8 to ensure proper technique. When applying toothpaste, use a small, pea-sized amount. Too much toothpaste or toothpaste with a strong flavor could discourage children from engaging in the process.
If your child is averse to certain aspects of dental care, there are alternatives to explore. Experimenting with different toothbrushes, mouthwashes, toothpaste, and flosses can help minimize sensory discomfort. Here are a few strategies:
- Toothbrushes: Try different sizes and bristle types. A child-sized toothbrush may feel less intimidating, and softer bristles may be more comfortable.
- Electric toothbrushes: Some children may find the vibrations of an electric toothbrush more stimulating or enjoyable.
- Floss sticks: These can be easier for children to use than regular floss.
- Mouthwash alternatives: Listerine tabs can be a fun and effective alternative to traditional mouthwash.
- Toothpaste flavors: If mint is too strong, try fruity flavors that may be more appealing.
For some sensory-seeking children, brushing their teeth can actually be a pleasant experience. By modeling good dental habits—brushing and flossing in front of your child—you show them that the process can be easy and even enjoyable.
Finding the Right Dentist for Your Child with Autism
Choosing the right dentist may take time, and you might not find the perfect match on your first visit. While some dentists specialize in treating children with special needs, this isn’t always a requirement. Many dental practitioners are becoming more knowledgeable and skilled at accommodating children with various abilities.
Consider reaching out to support groups or other parents of children with autism to ask for recommendations. While it’s not necessary to visit the dentist’s office beforehand, calling ahead to ask a few questions can help you feel more prepared. Here are some questions you might ask:
- “My child has autism and might become upset during the visit. How is your staff equipped to help?”
- “Can we schedule extra time in case my child needs a break?”
- “Would it be possible to walk my child through the steps of the appointment ahead of time?”
If the dentist seems flexible and willing to accommodate your child’s needs, it could be a great fit. On the other hand, if they seem rigid in their processes or prioritize speed over comfort, it may be best to continue searching.
Making the Dentist Visit a Positive Experience
Many children with autism benefit from visual schedules that help them anticipate new experiences. Showing your child a visual schedule of a typical dentist visit can ease anxiety by making the process more predictable.
Additionally, allowing your child to bring a comfort item, such as a favorite stuffed animal, can provide reassurance during the appointment. Consider rewarding your child after a successful visit, and let them know in advance that a reward will be given. This can create positive reinforcement and encourage cooperation.
Visiting the dentist can be challenging for anyone, but for children with autism, these challenges are often heightened. As a caregiver, your BCBA at ABA therapy can be an invaluable resource in navigating life skills like dentist visits. Contact us at 844-244-1818 or fill out an inquiry form at acornhealth.com/admissions to learn more about how ABA therapy can support your child’s developmental journey.
FAQ
Is it common for children to be averse to dentist visits?
Yes, it’s common for children of all abilities to feel apprehensive about dentist visits. The new sounds, sights, and sensations—combined with the discomfort of dental tools in the mouth—can be overwhelming, especially for children with sensory sensitivities.
Do I need a dentist who specializes in treating children with autism?
While dentists with this expertise can be helpful, many dental practitioners are now trained to work with children with varying needs. As autism becomes more widely understood, more dentists are equipped to handle these situations sensitively.
What can I do if my child refuses to brush their teeth at home?
If your child resists brushing, keep trying different approaches—varying toothbrushes, bristles, and toothpaste flavors. Modeling good dental habits yourself can also help encourage them to participate.